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Rollup merge of #148764 - GrigorenkoPV:aligment_api, r=scottmcm
ptr_aligment_type: add more APIs
As per https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/102070#issuecomment-1650043557
Tracking issue: rust-lang/rust#102070
Mostly duplicating methods that previously worked with `usize`-represented alignments.
Naming follows a convention of `align: usize`, `alignment: Alignment`.